How is heat transferred in convection?

Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, which can include liquids and gases. This process occurs as warmer parts of the fluid move up (less dense) while cooler parts move down (more dense), creating a continuous circulation pattern. In this way, heat is effectively distributed throughout the fluid as it rises and falls, enabling efficient heat transfer.

The movement of air or water, therefore, is a fundamental characteristic of convection, as it is the circulation that allows the thermal energy to be transferred from one place to another. This is why the chosen response is accurate in describing how heat is transferred during convection.

In contrast, options that refer to direct contact or emission and absorption of energy pertain to other types of heat transfer—conduction and radiation, respectively—rather than convection specifically.